3. Spanish culture

   French culture was fashionable at the time.

   - EDUCATION. It was promoted by the Borbon kings.

   + Primary education. Charles III funded the Primary teaching. He created the First Letters Schools, and the Economic Society created the elementary schools.

   + Secondary education. It was responsability of the Jesuits.

   + Higher education. During the XVIII were created the Royal Academies of Language (1713), Medicine (1734), History (1738) and Arts in Saint Ferdinand (1752).

   -LETTERS. In poetry the most important names are Melendez Valdes, (see figure), Torres y Villarroel and the fables writers Samaniego and Iriarte; in theatre stood out Ramón de la Cruz and Leandro Fernández de Moratinos.

   -SCIENCES. Physics and chemical were cultivated by Lanz y Ruiz de Luzuriaga; other scientists were important in maths, medicine and natural sciences (See picture).

    4. Write if these facts are about education, letters or sciences:

    5. Development of arts in Spain

   Arts were not developed as in the previous XVI and XVII centuries, and a decay is noted.

   - ARCHITECTURE. In the first middle of the XVIII century continued the churrigueresque style or Spanish Baroque, rich in ornamental style and academical Baroque, imported from Italy and France, less ornamental and more classic. Important buildings of the time are La Granja Palace (Segovia), whose beautiful gardens and fountains are similar to Versailles ones, and Riofrio palace.

   During the second half of the century Neoclassical style was the more important. The main names were Ventura Rodriguez, who remodeled the inside of the Pilar Basilica in Zaragoza and Madrid’s architect Juan de Villanueva, with the Prado Museum and the Botanic Garden.

   - SCULPTURE. It was promoted by the Royal Fine Arts Academy of San Fernando, with Damián Campmany and Francisco Gutiérrez, creator of the famous Cibeles in Madrid. But the most important was Francisco Salcillo, the author of the famous Easter Week stands of Murcia, as The Angel of the Praying in the Orchard, The Verónica, The Sorrowful Virgin, etc.

   - PAINTING. The most prominent figure of the century was Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, who created new ways of painting, opening new paths to European painting and being the starting point of what today we called Modern art. We could appreciate two phases:

  + In the first stage is painting is glad and bright. He painted “majos and majas”, Gallant Colloquium, The Meadow and The Blind man (see picture above) among others.

   + In the second stage, the artist felt sad and angry for disillusionments and deafness and became irascible and violent. Goya painted Independence war scenes, as The 2 of May 1808 and The 3 of May 1808. He also painted witches and fools in different attitudes.

   + Goya was also a wonderful portrait painter, as The family of Charles IV.

   + Also, some foreigners painters, as Tiepolo and Mengs, worked in Spain.

    6. Write if the following artists are related to architecture, sculpture or painting:

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