The memory, Philosophy of Educational applications, Psychology for mobiles

A. Answer by choosing one of these letters: a, b, c. (If the letter turns red, then the answer is correct)

1. Memory is the ability to
a. remember b. learn c. forget
2. How many phases are there in relation to memory?
a. Five b. six c. seven
3. The ability to record psychic facts and events refers to
a. preservation b. recognition c. fixation
4. The conditions that influence can be physical, physiological and
a. environmental b. psychological c. temporary
5. The training of brain cells causes
a. evocation b. recognition c. conservation
6. When we recognize things, we feel they are
a. familiar b. strange c. unknown

Evocation is the representation in memory of something perceived, experienced or known in the past.

Psychic facts and events interlace each other according to the laws of association.

When evocation is immediate without the intervention of the will, it is called spontaneous evocation. For example: remembering the place of birth; it is easy to remember about streets, trees, games, parents and siblings.

Evocation is voluntary when the will is involved. We strive to remember to bring the past into the present. When a teacher asks a student about the lesson, the student has to make a voluntary effort to remember.

In addition to remembering ideas and things, we also remember the time when the events occurred, in other words, we locate them within time. We must distinguish the “location”, by determining the place or space where something is. This is “temporalization”, the determination of the time at which something occurred.

We rely on important memories to determine the temporalization, such as the date when we passed an important test, or had an illness or when we travelled.

1. The representation in the memory of something that was perceived in the past is
a. temporalization b. evocation c. learning
2. Psychic facts and events are interlaced according to the laws of
a. association b. recognition c. conservation
3. The evocation that is immediate without using the will is known as
a. courageous b. tough c. spontaneous
4. When we strive to remember something it is known as
a. location b. spontaneous evocation c. voluntary evocation
5. To determine the place or space of something is known as
a. location b. temporalization c. recognition
6. To remember the time when an event took place is known as
a. location b. temporalization c. recognition

3. Forgetfulness, mechanical and rational memory

To forget is not to remember one or several things. Forgetfulness is normal in the life of people, because we cannot memorize everything that we perceive during the day or in a year.

A good memory is not one that remembers everything, but keeps what is interesting and valuable, and forgets everything else.

Amnesia is memory loss usually due to physiological causes, such as aging or an injury to the brain.

Hypermnesia is the extraordinary memory of many things or events. It occurs when strong and dangerous emotions are lived by someone. For example: someone that is condemned to death often remembers his or her entire life very clearly. Hypermnesia also occurs when someone is suffering from a high fever or takes stimulating substances.

We must distinguish between rational and mechanical memory. The mechanical memory memorizes words and phrases without understanding its contents. This is a bad practice to turn to when studying. We learn multiplication tables by heart, but even better after we understand the concept of multiplication.

The rational memory understands texts well and remembers the main and supporting ideas that can be expressed in different words. This is the way to study in a useful and valuable way.

Memorization is important for studying and learning. Therefore it is advisable to rationally use the laws of association of Aristotle, such as similarity, contrast, contiguity in space and time. Mnemonics is a set of methods to improve and develop memory that associates an easy thing with one that is difficult. For example, we can remember about Evaristo Petronio by associating him with two of our friends, Eva and Peter; we can remember the number 23.45 by associating it with counting: 2-3-4-5.

Lessons can be recorded and retained even more when repetitions separate the main ideas from the secondary ideas of the lesson. You also learn better if you study for several days or weeks, instead of studying a lot in only one day. Those who study in a hurry, forget much faster.

C. Answer by choosing one of these letters: a, b, c.

1. In your personal life it is normal to
a. remember everything b. have amnesia c. forget
2. We should remember
a. what is interesting and valuable b. all perceptions c. all events
3. Memory loss is known as
a. hypermnesia b. amnesia c. evocation
4. The condition of having an extraordinary memory is known as
a. amnesia b. evocation c. hypermnesia
5. To learn words without understanding its meaning refers to
a. rational memory b. mechanical memory c. hypermnesia
6. To remember ideas of topics that were understood refers to
a. rational memory b. mechanical memory c. amnesia

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®Arturo Ramo García.-Record of intellectual property of Teruel (Spain) No 141, of 29-IX-1999
Plaza Playa de Aro, 3, 1º DO 44002-TERUEL